Modified acupuncture at sphenopalatine ganglion for allergic rhinitis: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of modified acupuncture at sphenopalatine ganglion for allergic rhinitis (AR).@*METHODS@#A total of 80 patients with AR were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 40 cases in each group. In the observation group, modified acupuncture at sphenopalatine ganglion was given, 30 min each time, 2 times a week and with an interval of 3-4 days. In the control group, budesonide nasal spray was given. Both groups were treated for 4 weeks. The total nasal symptom score (TNSS) and total non-nasal symptom score (TNNSS) were observed before treatment, after first treatment, after last treatment and 4 weeks after treatment; the scores of visual analogue scale (VAS) and rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire (RQLQ) were observed before treatment, after last treatment and 4 weeks after treatment; the recurrence condition was evaluated 4 weeks after treatment; the clinical efficacy was evaluated after last treatment in the two groups.@*RESULTS@#Compared with before treatment, the total scores and each score of TNSS, TNNSS scores after first treatment, after last treatment and 4 weeks after treatment were decreased in both groups (P<0.01, P<0.05). After first treatment, the total score, stuffy nose score, itchy nose score of TNSS and TNNSS score in the observation group were lower than the control group (P<0.01, P<0.05). After last treatment, the total score, stuffy nose score, itchy nose score of TNSS in the observation group were lower than the control group (P<0.01). Four weeks after treatment, the total score and each score of TNSS, TNNSS score in the observation group were lower than the control group (P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, the scores of VAS and RQLQ after last treatment and 4 weeks after treatment were decreased in both groups (P<0.01), and those in the observation group were lower than the control group (P<0.01). The recurrence rate was 13.5% (5/37) in the observation group, which was lower than 44.8% (13/29) in the control group (P<0.01). The total effective rate was 92.5% (37/40) in the observation group, which was higher than 72.5% (29/40) in the control group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Modified acupuncture at sphenopalatine ganglion could effectively improve symptoms and quality of life in patients with AR, and the recurrence rate is lower.

Clinical features and pathological analysis of steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome in children in a single center / 中国综合临床

0bjective To analyze the clinical characteristics, pathological types, treatment and prognosis in children with steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) in Northwest China, in order to provide reference for the treatment of SRNS. Methods:The clinical data, renal pathological results, treatment plan and efficacy of 102 children diagnosed with SRNS in the Department of Nephrology, Xi'an Children's Hospital of Shaanxi Province from January 1st, 2018 to December thirty-first, 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. All children were divided into groups according to age, clinical classification, pathological type, treatment scheme and treatment outcome, and the risk factors affecting the prognosis of children with SRNS were discussed. The measurement datas conforming to normal distribution were expressed as xˉ± s, and t test was used for comparison between groups. Measurement datas that did not conform to normal distribution were represented by M ( Q1, Q3), and Kruskall-Wallis test was used for comparison between groups.Enumeration datas were compared by χ 2 test. Risk factors were analyzed by multiple factor Logistic regression analysis. Results:The median age of onset of 102 children with SRNS was 3.0 years. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) accounted for 36.3% (37/102), minimal lesions accounted for 33.3% (34/102), and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis accounted for 23.5% (24/102). The prevalence rates of hypertension (35.1% (13/37)), 24-h urine protein quantification (130.5 (91.5, 159.6) mg/(kg·24 h) and renal insufficiency (21.6% (8/37)) in FSGS group were higher than those in non-FSGS group (13.8% (9/65), 65.8 (51.2,85.5) mg/(kg·24 h), 4.6% (3/65)). The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (statistical values were χ 2=6.32, Z=5.90, χ 2=7.09; P values were 0.012, <0.001, 0.008). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that the hypertension ( OR=4.055, 95% CI 1.178-3.962) and 24 hour urinary protein ( OR=1.036, 95% CI 1.020-1.053) were associated with the increased risk of FSGS ( P values were 0.026 and <0.001). ROC curve ananlysis showed that the optimal critical value of 24 hour urinary protein was 85.65 mg/(kg·24 h) in FSGS. After treatment, complete remission was 61.8%(63/102), partial remission was 14.7%(15/102), and no remission was 23.5%(24/102). By the end of follow-up the treatment effective rate in the small lesion group (94.1%(32/34)) was higher than that in the FSGS Group (51.3%(19/37)), and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ 2=16.02, P<0.001). In the initial immunosuppressive treatment, the complete remission rate of hormone combined with calcineurin inhibitor group (77.1%(37/48)) was higher than that of hormone combined with cyclophosphamide Group (11.1%(3/27)). There was significant difference between the two groups ( Z=32.28, P<0.001). Conclusion:The most common pathological type in children with SRNS was FSGS, and the age of onset was generally small. The prognosis of patients with pathological type FSGS was the worst, and the prognosis of small lesions was better. Hypertension and 24-hour urinary protein quantification were the risk factors of FSGS. Calcineurin inhibitors were the first choice for the second-line immunosuppressants of SRNS in children.

Gene mutation and clinical analysis in children with steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome in a single center / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To analyze the gene mutation, clinical manifestations and prognosis of children with steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), and to provide reference for the treatment of hereditary SRNS in children.Methods:The clinical data of 29 patients with SRNS and whole exon sequencing (WES) diagnosed in Xi′an Children′s Hospital from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:In 29 cases of SRNS with genetic testing, 10 cases (34.5%) were gene mutations, including 2 cases of congenital nephrotic syndrome. The onset age of the patients with gene mutation ranged from 0.1 to 10.7(4.06±3.73)years, and the median age of onset was 3.3 years. The clinical type was mainly nephritis (8/10), and the pathological type was mainly focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (5/7). The main mutant genes were NPHS1 (2 cases), NPHS2 (2 cases), WT1 (2 cases), SMARCAL1 (1 case), COQ8B (1 case), TRPC6 (1 case) and COL4A3 gene (1 case). The main types of genetic variation were missense mutations, and 6 (60%) cases were new mutations that had never been reported in the database containing human pathogenic mutations before. Compared with the non-gene mutation group, 24 hour urinary protein was higher [(177.92±164.59)mg/(kg·24 h) vs (84.99±40.79)mg/(kg·24 h)] in gene mutation group, with statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). In the gene mutation group, there were 2 cases of complete remission, including 1 case of complete remission treated with coenzyme Q10, 1 case of partial remission, and 8 cases of immunosuppression treatment, with an effective rate of 2/8, while in the non-gene mutation group, the effective rate of immunosuppression treatment was 17/19, with statistically significant difference in prognosis between the two groups ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The pathological type of children with hereditary SRNS is mainly FSGS, which are often ineffective to immunosuppressive therapy, poor prognosis and easy to progress to end-stage renal disease. Gene detection is of great significance for etiological diagnosis, treatment and prognosis evaluation in children with SRNS.

Prevalence of human soil-borne nematode infections in Yunnan Province: a cross-sectional study in 2015 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the current prevalence of human soil-borne nematode infections in Yunnan province, so as to provide the scientific evidence for formulating the soil-borne nematodiasis control strategy in the province. Methods In 2015, a total of 20 survey sites were sampled in 10 counties (cities) of Yunnan Province using the stratified cluster random sampling method. Stool samples were collected from all local permanent residents at ages of one year and older in each survey site, and the soil-borne nematode eggs were identified using the modified Kato-Katz technique and the egg number was counted. In addition, the hookworm species was identified using the filter-paperculture method, and Enterobius vermicularis eggs were detected using the cellophane tape method in children at ages of 3 to 6 years. Results A total of 5 067 residents received stool examinations, and 950 residents were detected with soil-borne nematode infections, with an overall prevalence rate of 18.75%. The prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichura and hookworm was 7.52%, 8.47% and 9.02%, respectively. Among 446 children detected using the cellophane tape method, 5 children were detected with E. vermicularis infections. Among the 160 residents with hookworm infections, there were 139 residents with Necator americanus infections (86.88%), 16 with A. duodenale infections (10.00%) and 5 with mixed infections (3.12%). Mild A. lumbricoides (67.98%, 259/381), T. trichura (88.58%, 380/429) and hookworm infections (94.53%, 432/457) were predominant. Among the four ecological zones, the highest prevalence of human soilborne nematode infections was found in the East Tibet-South Sichuan Ecological Zone (31.79%), and among the 10 survey counties (cities), the greatest prevalence was seen in Gongshan Derung and Nu Autonomous County (50.13%), while the lowest prevalence was found in Ninglang Yi Autonomous County (0.40%). The prevalence of human soil-borne nematode infections was 5.67% (43/759), 26.67% (610/2 287) and 14.70% (297/2 021) in high-, moderate- and low-economic-level regions, respectively. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of human soil-borne nematode infections in terms of ecological regions, survey counties (cities) or economic development levels (χ2 = 342.20, 814.60 and 201.34, all P < 0.05). There was no significantdifference in the prevalence of human soil-borne nematode infections between male (18.21%, 441/2 422) and female residents (19.24%, 509/2 645) (χ2 = 0.89, P > 0.05), and soil-borne nematode infections were detected in residents at all age groups, with the greatest prevalence found in residents at ages of 1 to 9 years (25.88%). In addition, the highest prevalence of soil-borne nematode infections was seen in residents with the Dulong Ethnic Minority (82.09%), in preschool children (25.06%) and in illiterate residents (24.80%), and there was no age-, ethnicity-, occupation- or education level-specific prevalence of soil-borne nematode infections detected (χ2 = 46.50, 1 016.96, 36.33 and 52.43, all P < 0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of human soil-borne nematode infections remains high in Yunnan Province. The management of soil-borne nematodiasis requires to be reinforced among low-age children, farmers, old people and residents with low educations levels or ethnic groups.

Swallowing function and its related factors in elderly people in welfare homes of Wenzhou City / 上海预防医学

Objective:To understand the swallowing function of the elderly in welfare homes of Wenzhou City，Zhejiang Province and to analyze the related factors of swallowing dysfunction. Methods:A total of 507 elderly people aged 60 years and over were surveyed by questionnaires in three welfare homes of Wenzhou City from January 2018 to January 2020.Hinds time-limited water drinking test was used to screen dysphagia. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the related factors of swallowing dysfunction. Results:The incidence of swallowing dysfunction was 26.04% （132 out of 507）. Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in the incidence of swallowing dysfunction among the elderly in terms of age， spouse condition， self-care ability， health status， taking sleeping pills， cerebrovascular disease， nervous system disease and depression （P<0.05）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the following factors were related to swallowing dysfunction among the elderly： age ≥80 years old， taking sleeping pills， cerebrovascular diseases， nervous system diseases and depression. Conclusion:The incidence of swallowing dysfunction in elderly people in welfare homes of Wenzhou City is high， especially those aged ≥80 years who need more attention. In addition， taking sleeping pills， cerebrovascular diseases， nervous system diseases and depression all increase the risk of swallowing dysfunction. Corresponding preventive and intervention measures should be formulated.

A single center study of kidney diseases combined with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical features of children with kidney diseases who developed posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), explore the risk factors of PRES in these children, improve the understanding of the diseases, and help early diagnosis and effective treatment of the diseases.Methods:The clinical manifestations, laboratory inspection results, magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) material as well as the prognosis of 10 children with kidney diseases complicated by PRES who were admitted to the Department of Nephrology, Xi′an Children′s Hospital from November 2016 to August 2018 were analyzed retrospectively.Results:A total of 10 children were recruited, including 1 boy and 9 girls, with the onset age ranging from 4 years and 3 months to 13 years [(8.53±3.09) years]. The diagnosed kidney diseases in these patients were primary nephritic syndrome (6 cases), lupus nephritis (1 case), Hepatitis B-related nephritis (1 case), polyarteritis (1 case) and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (1 case). Eight children received corticosteroids and 4 of them received other immunosuppressants simultaneously.Nine children suffered from the infections.All of them had acute onset, and the main symptoms were hypertension (10/10 cases, 100.0%), headache and dizziness (5/10 cases, 50.0%), nausea and vomiting (5/10 cases, 50.0%), visual disturbance (3/10 cases, 30.0%) and convulsions by the ways of seizures definitely (9/10 cases, 90.0%). There was nothing positive in the examinations of the nervous system and fundus.Computer tomography examinations of 9 cases showed nonspecific low-density foci.The cranial MRI scan showed abnormal signals on the cerebral cortex of frontal lobe, parietal lobe and occipital lobe in all these 10 cases.The hyperintensities were observed on the fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences of all the 10 cases.Slight hyperintensities on diffusion-weighted images of 4 cases indicated that PRES progressed from reversible angiogenic edema to irreversible cytotoxic edema, meaning a poor prognosis.After blood purification treatment and reducing intracranial pressure, these 4 cases recovered.After timely treatment upon PRES diagnosis, patients had no recurrence and showed a good outcome.Conclusions:Children with kidney diseases and PRES also suffer from hypertension, and the treatment with immunosuppressive agents may precede the occurrence of PRES.Cranial MRI is important for the diagnosis of PRES.

Advances in diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection in children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most common bacterial infections in children up to 30% of who suffer from recurrent infections during the first 6 to 12 months after initial UTI.UTI can be the first sign in almost 30% of children with urinary tract abnormalities, so UTI may be an outpost event of underlying renal disorders.UTI in infants is often associated with congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract, such as vesicoureteral reflux.Children with recurrent infection are prone to renal damaging and scarring, which further leads to end-stage renal disease.Therefore, early identification, timely treatment and reasonable management are extremely important to improving the prognosis.In this article, domestic and foreign relevant literature in recent years were reviewed to provide reference for diagnosis and treatment of UTI in children.

Effects of staurosporine on the contraction of self-assembled constructs of goat temporomandibular joint disc cells / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#The effects of the staurosporine on contraction of self-assembled constructs and extracellular matrix syntheses of goat temporomandibular joint discs were investigated.@*METHODS@#Goat temporomandibular joint disc cells were isolated and cultured to P3, and 5.5×10⁶ cells were combined with different concentrations of staurosporine (0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 nmol·L⁻¹) in agarose wells and cultured for one week. The samples were frozen and sectioned. Safranin-O,  Picro-sirius red and immunohistochemical staining were performed to observe the distributions of the extracellular matrix and the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Blyscan kits were utilized to quan--titatively detect the contents of type Ⅰ collagen (ColⅠ) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs).@*RESULTS@#Each group of goat temporo-mandibular joint disc cells in the agarose wells were gathered to self-assemble into a disc-shaped base for 4 hours and then to gradually contract into a round shape. The Picro-sirius red staining was strong and indicated collagen distribution. The Safranin-O staining observed GAGs throughout the entire construct. The expression of ColⅠ was strongly posi-tive in the staurosporine groups; however, the expression of α-SMA was weak. ColⅠ and GAGs contents in the stau-rosporine groups were greater than that of the control group, especially in the 10 nmol·L⁻¹ group (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Staurosporine has a certain effect on the shrinkage of self-assembled constructs; however, such effect is not prominent. Staurosporine contributes to the construction synthesis of extracellular matrix.

Efficacy and safety of domestic dasatinib as second-line treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia patients in the chronic phase / 中华血液学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the efficiency and safety of domestic tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) dasatinib (Yinishu) as second-line treatment for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML-CP).@*Methods@#A retrospective analysis of clinical data of CML-CP patients who received domestic dasatinib as second-line treatment in the CML collaborative group hospitals of Hubei province from March 2016 to July 2018 was performed. The optimal response rate, the cumulative complete cytogenetic response (CCyR), the cumulative major molecular responses (MMR), progression free survival (PFS), event free survival (EFS) and adverse effects (AEs) of the patients were assessed at 3, 6 and 12 months of treatment.@*Results@#A total of 83 CML-CP patients were enrolled in this study. The median follow-up time was 23 months. The optimal response rates at 3, 6 and 12 months in 83 CML-CP patients treated with dasatinib were 77.5% (54/71), 72.6% (61/75) and 60.7% (51/69), respectively. By the end of follow-up, the cumulative CCyR and MMR rates were 65.5% (55/80) and 57.1% (48/73), respectively. The median time to achieving CCyR and MMR was 3 months. During follow-up time, the PFS rate was 94.0% (79/83) and the EFS rate was 77.4% (65/83). The most common non-hematological AEs of dasatinib were edema (32.5%), rash itching (18.1%) and fatigue (13.3%). The common hematological AEs of dasatinib were thrombocytopenia (31.3%), leukopenia (19.3%) and anemia (6.0%).@*Conclusion@#Domestic dasatinib was effective and safe as the second-line treatment of CML-CP patients and it can be used as an option for CML-CP patients.

Chemical constituents from fruiting bodies of Tremella sanguinea / 中国中药杂志

The chemical constituents from the fruiting bodies of Tremella sanguinea were separated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel,ODS,Sephadex LH-20,and RP-HPLC. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data analysis,as well as comparisons with the data reported in the literature. Sixteen compounds were isolated from the 90% ethanol extract of the fruiting bodies of T. sanguinea,which were identified as( 22 E)-5α,8α-epidioxy-24-methyl-cholesta-6,9( 11),22-trien-3β-ol( 1),( 22 E)-5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol( 2),cerevisterol( 3),ergosta-7-ene-3β,5α,6β-triol( 4),( 22 E)-6β-methoxyergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5α-diol( 5),ergosta-7-en-3β-ol( 6),4-hydroxy-methylincisterol( 7),2-pyrrolidone( 8),nicotinamide( 9),1-( 3-indolyl)-3-dihydroxypropan-1-one( 10),yangambin( 11),linoleic acid( 12),( 9 Z,12 Z,15 Z)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl octadeca-trienoate( 13),( 9 Z,12 Z)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl-octadeca-dienoate( 14),crypticin B( 15)and 3-phenyllactic acid( 16). All compounds were isolated from T. sanguinea for the first time. Except for compounds 6,9 and 12,the remained compounds were isolated from the genus Tremella for the first time.

Effect of Yuyin Ruangan Granule on TGF-β1 expression in hepatic fibrosis rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To observe the preventive and therapeutic action of Yuyin Ruangan Granule (YRG, Traditional Chinese Medicine) in hepatic fibrosis rats model and its effect on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression.@*METHODS@#The Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 group (=10), and the model of hepatic fibrosis rats was established by subcutaneous injected with carbon tetrachloride (CCL4), fed on high-fat diet and 20% ethanol for 6 weeks, to survey the effect and mechanism of YRG preventing hypatic fibrosis by detecting liver function (the activity of alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), etc.) of liver fibrosis rats, liver fibrosis indicators (hyaluronic acid, Ⅲ procollagen, type IV collagen, laminin and hepatic pathology, etc.), and TGF-β1 expression in liver tissue after 6 weeks treated with YRG through intragastric administration (q. d.).@*RESULTS@#At the 7 week, fibrotic lesions appears distinctly in liver tissue of model group compared with control group (<0.01), YRG of 6.2~28.8 g/kg could significantly decrease hepatic index, ALT and AST activities, content of hyaluronic acid(HA), Ⅲ procollagen (PCⅢ), type Ⅳ collagen(C-Ⅳ), laminin (LN) in serum, relieve liver fibrosis pathological changes and inhibit TGF-β1 expression in fibrotic liver tissue (<0.05, <0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#YRG has significantly preventive effects on liver fibrosis rats model, and it may be one of its mechanisms to inhibit expression of TGF-β1.

A multicenter study of reference intervals for 15 laboratory parameters in Chinese children / 中华儿科杂志

Objective@#To establish comprehensive laboratory reference intervals for Chinese children.@*Methods@#This was a cross-sectional multicenter study. From June 2013 to December 2014, eligible healthy children aged from 6-month to 17-year were enrolled from 20 medical centers with informed consent. They were assessed by physical examination, questionnaire survey and abdominal ultrasound for eligibility. Fasting blood samples were collected and delivered to central laboratory. Measurements of 15 clinical laboratory parameters were performed, including estradiol (E2), testosterone(T), luteinizing hormone(LH), follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH), alanine transaminase(ALT), serum creatinine(Scr), cystatin C, immunoglobulin A(IgA), immunoglobulin G(IgG), immunoglobulin M(IgM), complement (C3, C4), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), uric acid(UA) and creatine kinase(CK). Reference intervals were established according to central 95% confidence intervals for reference population, stratified by age and sex.@*Results@#In total, 2 259 children were enrolled. Finally, 1 648 children were eligible for this study, including 830 boys and 818 girls, at a mean age of 7.4 years. Age- and sex- specific reference intervals have been established for the parameters. Reference intervals of sex hormones increased gradually with age. Concentrations of ALT, cystatin C, ALP and CK were higher in children under 2 years old. Serum levels of sex hormones, creatinine, immunoglobin, CK, ALP and urea increased rapidly in adolescence, with significant sex difference. In addition, reference intervals were variable depending on assay methods. Concentrations of ALT detected by reagents with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate(PLP) were higher than those detected by reagents without PLP. Compared with enzymatic method, Jaffe assay always got higher results of serum creatinine, especially in children younger than 9 years old.@*Conclusion@#This study established age- and sex- specific reference intervals, for 15 clinical laboratory parameters based on defined healthy children.

Research progress on lanostane-type triterpenoids in fungi of Polyporaceae and their pharmacological activities / 中草药

Lanostane-type triterpenoid is a kind of tetracyclic triterpene compound, which belongs to secondary metabolics in fungi of Polyporaceae with abundant content. In the paper, combined with the domestic and foreign literature, the pharmacological activities on the 161 kinds of lanostane-type triterpenoids isolated from more than 20 species of Polyporaceae fungi are summarized. The compounds are divided into A, B, C, D, and E five kinds of main skeleton configurations. Their pharmacological activity researches are mainly concentrated in antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and so on. The paper provides reference value for rational use and development of the medicinal resources of the fungi of Polyporaceae and their lanostane-type triterpenoids.

Association between human papillomavirus infection and adverse pregnancy outcome / 预防医学

Objective To investigate the infection rate of human papillomavirus(HPV)among pregnant women, and to explore the effect of HPV infection on adverse pregnancy outcome. Methods A total of 1 679 pregnant women in hospital were collected for the research. The flow-through hybridization and genechip(HybriMax)method was used to detect the infection of HPV. Univariate analysis was used to analyze the factors affecting HPV infection in pregnant women. The binary logistic analysis was used to analyze risk factors affecting adverse pregnancy outcome. Results HPV infection rate was 31.39%(527/1 679), including 14.23%(239/1 679)of HR-HPV, 15.54%(261/1 679)of LR-HPV and 1.61%(27/1 679)of mixed of HR-HPV and LR-HPV. Univariate analysis showed that there was significant difference in initial sex age, education level and smoking history between infection group and non-infection group, with statistical difference(P<0.05). The incidence rate of adverse pregnancy outcomes in infection group(31.50%) was significant higher than that of non-infection group(9.81%), with statistical difference(P<0.01). The incidence rate of premature rupture of fetal membranes, newborn respiratory papillomatosis and other adverse pregnancy outcomes among HR-HPV group, LR-HPV group and mixed group had no significant difference (P>0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed HR-HPV infection(OR=4.194, 95% CI: 3.099-5.675), LR-HPV infection(OR=1.771, 95%CI: 1.288-2.434)and mixed type infection(OR= 3.350, 95%CI: 1.630-7.735)were the risk factors affecting adverse pregnancy outcome(P<0.01), however, age and times of gestation had no statistical significance in the binary logistic analysis(P>0.05). Conclusion HPV infection was the risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcome, which indicated that screening work in pre-pregnancy and pregnancy, and persisting in early prevention, early detection and early treatment could reduce the incidence rate of adverse pregnancy outcome.

Analysis of safety guidance value of urinary arsenic in population by using the data of urinary arsenic in the drinking water arsenic poisoning area from 2005 to 2014 / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To study the urinary arsenic safety guideline value of a population for evaluating the arsenic exposure level in a certain population and providing evidence for the implementation of prevention and control measures in endemic arsenicosis area.Methods According to the data from the national high-arsenic drinking water sources screening in endemic arsenicosis area of drinking water type and quality supervision and inspection for water-improving project to decrease arsenic from 2005 to 2014,census data on arsenic poisoning in endemic arsenicosis area,data on surveillance of endemic arsenicosis,10 722 people with detailed personal information,complete water arsenic exposure data and accurate urinary arsenic detection data were selected to be the research objects.The relationship between urinary arsenic and water arsenic was analyzed based on the surveillance data of 4 501 people from 2013 to 2014.The safety guidance value of urinary arsenic was determined based on the geometric mean value of urinary arsenic in people exposed to water arsenic in the range of (0.050 ± 0.005) mg/L,and verified using the data of 6 221 people from 2005 to 2012.Every time,a random sample of 2 000 people was taken as the verification sample,the sensitivity and specificity of the index for determining whether water arsenic exposure exceeded the standard were determined by area under the ROC curve (AUC),and a total of 10 sample tests was performed.Results When the water arsenic concentration was less than 0.01 mg/L,the correlation coefficient of water arsenic concentration with urinary arsenic concentration was 0.097 (P ＜ 0.01);when the water arsenic concentration was more than 0.01 mg/L and less than 0.05 mg/L,the correlation coefficient of arsenic concentration with water arsenic concentration was 0.456 (P ＜ 0.01);when the water arsenic concentration was more than 0.05 mg/L,the correlation coefficient of water arsenic concentration with urinary arsenic concentration was 0.630 (P ＜ 0.01).With increase of water arsenic concentration,the concentration of urinary arsenic increased significantly,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =2 337.956,P ＜ 0.01).When water arsenic concentration was in the range of (0.050 ± 0.005) mg/L,the urinary arsenic geometric mean was 0.032 mg/L.AUC analysis of 10 random samples of 2 000 people showed that the geometric mean of urinary arsenic was 0.032 mg/L in the population,which can accurately distinguish whether the water arsenic level exceeded 0.05 mg/L,and the AUC value was higher than 0.94.And the sensitivity and specificity were achieved 0.898 and 0.844.Conclusions The geometric mean of urinary arsenic is 0.032 mg/L,which can be used as a safety guideline value for urinary arsenic in the population.When the geometric mean of urinary arsenic exceeds this value,the population may be exposed to high arsenic.

Role of fibroblast growth factor-23 in bone injury induced by fluoride in mice / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To observe the effect of fluoride on fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) in bone tissue of mice,and to explore the role of FGF23 in fluoride-induced bone injury.Methods Sixty-four Balb/c mice,half male and female,were divided into 4 groups based on body weight via the random number table method and 16 mice were in each group.The mice in control group,low fluoride group,middle fluoride group and high fluoride group were treated with 0,25,50,and 100 mg/L F-distilled water,respectively.After three months,the mice were put to death and the prevalence of dental fluorosis was calculated.The fluoride contents in spine were detected via the fluoride-ion selective electrode method,serum content of calcium and phosphorus were detected by micro enzyme labeled method.The levels of FGF23,parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3 [1,25 (OH)2D3] in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The FGF23 protein expression levels in bone tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.Results The rates of dental fluorosis in low,medium and high fluoride groups were 75％ (4/16),100％ (16/16) and 100％ (16/16),respectively.Compared with control group [0 (0/16)] the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The levels of fluoride in the fluoride group [low,medium,high fluoride groups:(1 730.86 ± 165.90),(2 400.58 ± 286.65),(3 980.88 ± 511.65) mg/kg] were higher than that of control group [(854.30 ± 89.05) mg/kg,P ＜ 0.05].There was no difference in serum calcium content among groups (F =0.05,P ＞ 0.05).The contents of phosphorus in the serum of the medium and the high fluoride groups [(2.46 ± 0.32),(2.48 ± 0.73) mmol/L] were lower than those in the control and the low fluoride groups [(2.89 ± 0.45),(3.25 ± 0.69) mmol/L,P ＜ 0.05].The serum PTH and 1,25 (OH)2D3 content increased first and then decreased.The expression of FGF23 in middle and high fluoride groups [(660.84 ± 64.18),(638.74 ± 121.23) ng/L] was up-regulated compared with that of control group [(613.53 ± 98.18) ng/L].The expression of FGF23 protein in cortical bone increased gradually with the dose of fluoride.Western blotting results showed that the content of FGF23 protein in the bone tissue of mice was significantly increased in the low fluoride group (1.58 ± 0.46) and the middle fluoride group (1.40 ± 0.41) compared with that of control group (1.00 ± 0.41),the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The phosphorus,FGF23,PTH,and 1,25 (OH)2D3 levels in the serum and FGF23 protein levels in the bone tissue of fluorosis mice have changed.It may be suggested that FGF23 interacts with PTH and 1,25 (OH)2D3 to influence the level of calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body and participate in the formation of skeletal fluorosis.

Relationship between Rs1801282 polymorphism of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ gene and brick-tea type fluorosis / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) gene Rs1801282 and brick-tea type fluorosis. Methods From 2012 to 2013, this cross-sectional study was performed in 16 endemic fluorosis areas of brick-tea type in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Qinghai and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China,to select adults>18 years old as subjects, who were diagnosed as skeletal fluorosis by X-ray. All of the subjects filled in demography survey questionnaire; the survey contents included general characteristic s, and average daily brick tea intake. Drinking tea samples and urine samples of each subject were collected, and fluoride content of urine and brick-tea was determined via the ion selective electrode method (WS/T 89-2006). X-ray scintigraphy was used to diagnose skeletal fluorosis, according to the "Diagnostic Criteria of Endemic Skeletal Fluorosis" (WS/T 192-2007); the subjects were divided into skeletal fluorosis group (case group) and non-skeletal fluorosis group (control group). To collect venous blood 5 ml, whole blood DNA was extracted, and polymorphism at Rs1801282 of PPARγ was detected by MassARRAY time-of-flight mass spectrometry, to calculate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results There were 1 414 people included in this study,including 347 in case group and 1 067 in control group. By the Hardy-Weinberg balance test, the PPARγ gene Rs1801282 genotype was representative in case group, control group and each nationality (P > 0.05). The difference of PPARγ gene Rs1801282 genotype in case group and control group was not statistically significant (OR was 0.991, 95%CI: 0.704 - 1.395, the adjusted OR was 1.026, 95%CI: 0.707-1.489).The difference of PPARγ gene Rs1801282 genotype(CC,CG+GG)in case group and control group in different nationality was not statistically significant (Tibetan: OR was 1.400, 95%CI: 0.576 - 3.404, the adjusted OR was 1.258, 95%CI: 0.474 - 3.340; Kazak: OR was 0.898, 95%CI:0.516 -1.562,the adjusted OR was 0.936,95%CI:0.532 -1.648;Mongolia: OR was 1.148,95%CI:0.508-2.594, the adjusted OR was 1.644, 95%CI: 0.683 - 3.956; Han: OR was 1.058, 95%CI: 0.451 - 2.482, the adjusted OR was 0.959, 95%CI: 0.388 - 2.371; Russian: OR was 0.000, 95%CI: 0.000 - 0.000, the adjusted OR was 0.000, 95% CI: 0.000 - 0.000) with binary Logistic regression analysis. Conclusion We have found no association between SNP of PPARγ gene Rs1801282 and skeletal fluorosis of brick-tea type fluorosis in China.

Effects of embryonic exposure to fluoride on bone development of zebrafish / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To study the effect of fluoride exposure on bone growth in zebrafish.Methods The zebrafish larvaes at 3 days post fertilization (3 dpf) were exposed to the conventional fish water and 25,50,100 mg/L of NaF for 5 days until the skeletal bone was formed (8 dpf) and the temperature was kept at 28 ℃.The fluoride content of zebrafish embryos was detected by F-ion selective electrode.The fluoride exposure model was re-established as the control group (0.0 mg/L),the low doses group (0.5,1.0,4.0 mg/L) and the high doses group (50.0,100.0 mg/L).The survival rates of the zebrafish embryos were calculated and the morphology of zebrafish embryos was observed under 40 times microscope.The zebrafish skeleton was stained with alizarin red.The staining areas and the integrated optical density (IOD) of the bone staining were quantitatively analyzed by digital microscope to analyze the sclerotic and osteoporosis of the skull.Results The fluoride contents of the control group and 25,50,100 mg/L NaF groups were (0.32 ± 0.01),(0.63 ± 0.01),(0.86 ± 0.02) and (1.21 ± 0.01) μg/150 embryos.Compared with the control group,the fluoride contents of zebrafish embryos in fluoride exposed groups were increased (P ＜ 0.05),and the dose-response relationship was obvious.The survival rates of zebrafish embryos in control group and fluoride exposed groups were 96.67％,96.67％,96.67％,98.33％,98.33％ and 98.33％.There was no significant difference among different groups (x2 =7.309,P ＞ 0.05);under a 40 times microscope,there were no obvious deformities of the spin in different groups;the areas of the alizarin red staining of the skull were 84 380.51 ± 11 711.41 in the control group,92 592.16 ± 7 143.81,92 164.85 ± 10 136.18 and 95 112.26 ± 13 721.91 in the low doses exposure groups (0.5,1.0,4.0 mg/L NaF),67 778.92 ± 8 597.11 and 64 272.93 ± 9 302.57 in the high doses groups (50.0,100.0 mg/L NaF).The areas of the alizarin red staining of the skull in the low doses exposure groups were significantly higher than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05),while the high doses exposure groups were lower (P ＜ 0.05);the IOD of the alizarin red staining of the skull was 25 094.13 ± 6 571.86 in the control group,29 754.95 ± 3 836.45,28 747.36 ± 4 677.86 and 30 776.49 ± 5 589.63 in the low doses exposure groups (0.5,1.0,4.0 mg/L NaF),19 263.10 ± 4 754.72 and 18 202.58 ± 4 897.15 in the high doses groups (50.0,100.0 mg/L NaF).The IOD of the alizarin red staining of the skull in the low doses exposure groups was significandy higher than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05),while the high doses exposure groups was lower (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Low doses of fluoride exposure may cause bone sclerosis in zebrafish embryos,while the high dose of fluoride exposure may cause osteoporosis.

Preparation of a polyclonal antibody against human LYZL4 and its expression in the testis / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To prepare a polyclonal antibody against human lysozyme-like protein 4 (LYZL4) expressed in the prokaryotic system and identify the distribution of LYZL4 in the testis.@*METHODS@#The full-length cDNA of LYZL4 was cloned into the pET32a plasmid and the expression of the recombinant LYZL4 (rLYZL4) was induced by IPTG. The rLYZL4 was purified by Ni-NTA and chitin affinity chromatography respectively and its bactericidal activity was observed by bilayer agar plate diffusion assay. The purified rLYZL4 was used as an immunogen to generate the polyclonal antibody, followed by examination of the antibody titer by ELISA and its specificity by Western blot. The distribution of LYZL4 in human tissue, sperm and seminal plasma was identified and its subcellular localization in the testis was determined by immunohistochemistry.@*RESULTS@#rLYZL4 was expressed efficiently in the prokaryotic system and exhibited no bacteriolytic activity against M. lysodeikticus and E. coli. The anti-rLYZL4 polyclonal antibody could bind the recombinant protein with a high sensitivity and specificity. LYZL4 was identified in the testis, epididymis and sperm protein extracts and localized in the acrosomal region of round and elongating spermatids.@*CONCLUSIONS@#An anti-rLYZL4 polyclonal antibody was successfully prepared using the prokaryotic expression system. LYZL4 was detected in the acrosomal region of round and elongating spermatids, suggesting an association with the structure and function of the acrosome.

Effects of different doses of sodium fluoride on cartilage lesion and expression of interleukin-6 in Balb/c mice / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To explore the effects of different doses of sodium fluoride (NaF) on cartilage lesion and expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum and cartilage tissue of Balb/c mice.Methods Sixty-four 5-week-old male Balb/c mice were divided into 4 groups based on body weight via the random number table method and 16 mice were in each group.The mice in control group were fed with distilled water,and experimental animals in low,middle and high fluoride groups were fed with distilled water containing NaF 25,50 and 100 mg/L,respectively.The mice were weighed once a week and fed for three months to establish the drinking water fluorosis model.The fluoride contents in spine were detected via the fluorin-ion selective electrode method.The pathological changes in articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate cartilage were observed through optical microscope.The levels of serum IL-6 and souble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) were detected via the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The expression of IL-6 protein in articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate cartilage was examined by immunohistochemistry.Results From the sixth week of the experiment,compared with other 3 groups,the body weight of high fluoride group decreased significantly (all P ＜ 0.05);from the seventh week,compared with control and low fluoride groups,the body weight of middle fluoride group decreased significantly (all P ＜ 0.05);throughout the experiment,compared with control group,the body weight of low fluoride group had not changed significantly (all P ＞ 0.05).The fluoride contents of bone in control group,low fluoride group,middle fluoride group and high fluoride group were (842.46 ± 89.27),(1 705.05 ± 105.76),(2 614.17 ± 156.10) and (3 444.58 ± 233.69) mg/kg,respectively.The differences between groups were statistically significant (F =309.716,P ＜ 0.05),and fluoride contents of bone increased with increase of fluoride doses (all P ＜ 0.05).Under optical microscope,the cartilage tissue of control group was normal,while articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate cartilage showed different degrees of cartilage ossification in fluorosis mice and the changes increased with the increase of fluoride doses.The levels of serum IL-6 in control group,low fluoride group,middle fluoride group and high fluoride group were (5.98 ± 1.43),(7.54 ± 2.16),(5.25 ± 1.97) and (6.31 ±-1.36) ng/L,respectively.The differences between groups were statistically significant (F =3.840,P ＜ 0.05),low fluoride group was significantly higher than control group (P ＜ 0.05),and middle fluoride group was significantly lower than low fluoride group (P ＜ 0.05).The levels of serum slL-6R in control group,low fluoride group,middle fluoride group and high fluoride group were (0.83 ± 0.20),(0.93 ± 0.23),(0.82 ±0.27) and (0.92 ± 0.28) μg/L,respectively.The differences between groups were not statistically significant (F =0.738,P ＞ 0.05).Immunohistochemical results showed that articular cartilage full-layer cells in each group expressed IL-6 protein especially in the middle layer of chondrocytes,while IL-6 protein only expressed in hypertrophic chondrocytes of epiphyseal plate cartilage.Comparing with other groups,IL-6 positive cells were the most and had the deepest staining in low fluoride group.Conclusions Different doses of NaF could not only cause cartilage lesion,but also change the expression of IL-6 in serum and cartilage tissue of Balb/c mice.The results indicate that IL-6 may be involved in the cartilage lesion caused by fluoride.